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Thomas Sumter Biography

Thomas Sumter Image

SUMTER, Thomas (1734-1832). An American soldier, born in Hanover Co., Va. He early removed to South Carolina; fought against the Cherokees; served under Braddock in 1755, and in March, 1776, became lieutenant colonel of the Second Regiment of South Carolina Riflemen. Until the capture of Charleston (1780), he served in the interior of the State against the Loyalists and Indians; but subsequently raised a regiment in North Carolina and engaged actively in partisan warfare. On July 12, 1780, he defeated a force of mounted infantry under Captain Huck, and soon afterward was made a brigadier general of State troops. On August 1st he made a spirited but unsuccessful attack on Rocky Mount, and on August 6th defeated 500 regulars and Tories at Hanging Rock, but was subsequently driven back. He then cut Cornwallis' line of communications between Charleston and Camden, capturing a supply train; but later his force was almost annihilated by Tarleton at Fishing Creek. Enlisting another regiment, he defeated Major Wemys at Broad River (November 9th), and on November 20th repulsed an attack of Tarleton at Blackstock Hill, with great loss to the latter. Here Sumter was severely wounded, but he returned in February, 1781, and continued to render efficient service as a partisan commander. After the war Sumter sat in the State convention of South Carolina  which ratified the Federal Constitution, was a member of Congress in 1789-93 and 1797-1801, and of the United States Senate from 1801 to 1809 and again from 1811 to 1817, and was United States Minister to Brazil in 1809-11. He was the last surviving general officer of the Revolution. Consult E. McCrady, The History of South Carolina in the Revolution, 2 vols. (New York, 1901-02).

The New International Encyclopaedia, Vol. XXI (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1920) 667.