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Russell Sage Biography

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Russell Sage (1816-1906). An American capitalist, born at Shenandoah, Oneida Co., N. Y. He had a public-school education and for several years was an errand boy and clerk in grocery stores. In 1837 he gained an interest in a retail grocery business in Troy and from 1839 to 1857 was connected with a similar wholesale firm. From 1841 to 1848 he was an alderman in Troy and from 1845 to 1849 county treasurer. While a Whig member of Congress (1853-56) he served on the Ways and Means Committee. Nine years after his removal to New York Sage bought a seat on the Stock Exchange (1874) and thenceforth was known as a financier, closely associated with Jay Gould (q.v.) in the control of the Wabash, the St. Louis and Pacific, the Missouri Pacific, and other western railroads, and prominent in the Western Union Telegraph Company and the Manhattan Elevated Railroad System (New York City). Especially did his railroad operations in Wisconsin, and most of all in connection with the La Crosse and Milwaukee, bring him notoriety. For a full but rather hostile account of Sage's rise in the financial world, consult Gustavus Myers, History of the Great American Fortunes, vol. iii (Chicago, 1910). In 1891 a dynamite bomb was exploded in Sage's office by a man who had demanded and been refused a large sum of money; the fanatic and Sage's secretary were killed. Upon her husband's death, July 22, 1906, Mrs. Russell Sage, (Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage, q.v.) received unconditionally a fortune estimated at more than $50,000,000, to be used as she saw fit.

The New International Encyclopaedia, Vol. XX (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1920) 311.