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Duke of Alva Image
Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (1508-?1582). A Spanish general and statesman. Alva is known for his repression of the Dutch revolt against Spanish tyranny and the Inquisition. He established the "Bloody Council," leading more than 120,000 Protestants to emigrate.
J. N. Larned, Larned's History of the World, Vol. III (New York: Merrill & Baker, 1897) 301.
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